Gilligan's critique of Kohlberg suggests that moral reasoning among women tends to emphasize which aspect?

• A. Abstract principles
• B. Legalistic justice
• C. Individual autonomy
• D. Relationships and care

Answer: (D)

Moral reasoning, in Gilligan’s view, centers on care and relationships. She argued that when women describe moral decisions, they often talk about responsibilities to others, empathy, and maintaining connectedness in specific relational contexts, rather than applying universal rules in the abstract. This ethic of care contrasts with Kohlberg’s justice-focused approach, which emphasizes abstract principles, rule-based fairness, and autonomy. Gilligan’s point is that moral reasoning can be rooted in the needs and dynamics of relationships, and that care for others in context can guide moral choices just as strongly as principled justice.