Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands in response to stress?

• A. Cortisol
• B. Insulin
• C. Testosterone
• D. Serotonin

Answer: (A)

Stress triggers the body's adrenal glands to release cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex in response to signals from the pituitary. Cortisol helps mobilize energy by increasing blood glucose, supports brain function during stress, and modulates metabolism, immune responses, and cardiovascular function to keep you functioning under pressure. While the adrenal system also handles quick, adrenaline-like responses, cortisol is the key hormone linked to the longer-term stress response. Insulin comes from the pancreas and regulates glucose; testosterone is mainly produced in the gonads (with minor adrenal input); serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in mood and not the primary adrenal stress hormone.