Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands during stress to mobilize energy?

• A. Adrenaline
• B. Norepinephrine
• C. Serotonin
• D. Cortisol

Answer: (D)

When stress lasts, the body activates the HPA axis, prompting the adrenal cortex to release cortisol. Cortisol raises blood glucose by stimulating the liver to perform gluconeogenesis and by mobilizing energy stores from fat and protein. This provides a steady supply of fuel for tissues, especially the brain, helping sustain activity over a prolonged stress period. While adrenaline (from the adrenal medulla) acts quickly to boost energy for an immediate response, cortisol supports energy mobilization over a longer timeframe. Serotonin is not a primary energy-mobilizing hormone produced by the adrenal glands. So cortisol best fits the idea of mobilizing energy during extended stress.