Which option presents a leadership view that argues workers are motivated to avoid responsibility?

• A. Theory Y
• B. Task leadership
• C. Type A
• D. Theory X

Answer: (D)

The main idea being tested is how leaders view why people work and take on responsibility. The view that workers are motivated to avoid responsibility is Theory X. It assumes people dislike work, will avoid effort, and need to be controlled and directed, often through punishment or coercion and external rewards. That leads to a highly directive, supervision-heavy leadership style that relies on close oversight to get results. The other options don’t fit this assumption: Theory Y argues people can enjoy work and seek responsibility; a task leadership approach centers on organizing and guiding work rather than on beliefs about motivation; Type A describes a personality pattern of urgency and competitiveness, not a leadership theory about responsibility.