Which set of stages belongs to the Postconventional level?

• A. Stages 1 and 2
• B. Stages 3 and 4
• C. Stage 7 and 8
• D. Stages 5 and 6

Answer: (D)

In this level, moral reasoning shifts to principles that are abstract and apply broadly, beyond just following rules. The first stage treats rules and laws as social contracts that can be changed if they don’t promote justice or protect rights, valuing fairness, due process, and the common good. The next stage moves to universal ethical principles—judgments based on self-chosen, abstract values like justice and human rights, which a person follows even if those principles conflict with laws or majority opinion. Together, these two stages define the Postconventional level, focusing on principled reasoning rather than obedience to rules or social approval. This contrasts with earlier levels, where the focus is on avoiding punishment or seeking acceptance and conformity.