Which term covers basic biological necessities of life, such as food, drink, and rest?

• A. External Locus of Control
• B. Flow
• C. Cognitive Dissonance
• D. Physiological Needs

Answer: (D)

The term Physiological Needs refers to the most basic biological necessities of life—food, water, warmth, rest, and other bodily requirements essential for survival. These needs sit at the bottom of Maslow’s hierarchy, meaning they must be satisfied before a person can focus on safety, relationships, esteem, or self-actualization. When these core resources are lacking, behavior is primarily driven by a search to meet them, which is why this option best captures the concept.

External Locus of Control is about whether people see outcomes as controlled by external factors or by themselves. Flow describes a state of deep immersion and enjoyment in an activity. Cognitive Dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort that arises from holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes. None of these describe the basic survival needs that Physiological Needs covers.